INTRODUCTION:

“Crowded classrooms and half day sessions are a tragic waste of our greatest national resource –the mind of our children.” (Walt Disney)

Mid day meals scheme was initiated on the philosophy that “when children have to sit in class with empty stomach, they cannot focus on learning.”This scheme is important for improving enrolment, attendance and retention of primary schools and also it addresses the nutritional needs. Mid day meals seeks to provide for each school child roughly a third of the daily nutrient requirement in the form of hot fresh cooked meal. It is important to know that it is not merely the long term effects of school meal on the nutritional status but its short term effects are better attention, memory and learning ability. In an landmark order that dated Nov 28, 2001 the supreme court of India directed all state Governments to introduce cooked mid day meals in primary schools within six months. The coverage has steadily expanded, and cooked lunches are rapidly becoming part of the school routine across the country.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1. To understand the infrastructure and institutional arrangements for Mid Day Meal scheme in the State.

2. To assess the performance of Mid Day Meal Scheme in the State .

3. To study the Impact of scheme on enrollment and attendanc.e .

4. To find out the association between socio-demographic variable of students and success rate of mid-day programme.

HYPOTHESIS:

H₁- There is significant association between selected factors with the students satisfaction regarding MDM at 0.05 level of significance.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

Conceptual framework is a cohesive, supportive linkage of selected interrelated concepts. It provides necessary guidance to the researchers to accomplish the purpose of the study. It helps to recognize the study and provides a context for interpretation of the study findings. I provide a background or foundation for the study and it helps to explain the relationship between concepts.

Since the study is intended to find out the level of satisfaction among teachers and students who are providing MDM and the beneficiaries of MDM respectively, the conceptual framework taken for the study is J .W .Kenny’s open system model (1990). The system’s theory is concerned with changes due to interrelation between various factors in a situation. All living systems are open, in which there is a continual exchange of matter, energy and information. Open system have varying degrees of input and gives back output in forms of matter, energy and information.

The concepts of J.W. Kenny’s open system model are input, throughput, output and feedback.

INPUT:

It refers as any form of information energy or matter transferred to the environment.

Multiple choices close ended questionnaire

PROCESS:

I occurs at some point between the input and output process. It enables them to be transferred in such a way that it can be readily by the system.

Collecting data from the students and teachers and also observe the quality of food

OUTPUT:

It refers to the assessment of the success rate among students and teachers who are getting and who are providing mid-day meal programme respectively .

Analysis of collected feedback from the students and teachers.

FEEDBACK:

According to J.W. Kenny’s “feedback” are the environment responses to the system output.

In the present study, the feedback is a process of measuring the effectiveness of mid day meal programme.

METHODOLOGY:

This chapter deals with the description of research methodology adopted by investigation for the study. Research methodology is a way to solve the research problems systematically. It involves a series of procedures in which researcher starts from initial identification of the problems to its final conclusion.

It includes the description of –

RESEARCH APPROACH:

Descriptive research studies is often preliminary to co-relational research or to experimental studies. It can serve to discover new meaning and to provide new knowledge when there is very little known about a topic of interest. Survey research is the term used to refer to the collection of data directly from the study subject , usually by questionnaire or interview.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

In this research study survey research design are used. It is a boarder categories of non- experimental design is the survey research. Specifically, descriptive survey are used ,this carried out for the purpose or providing an accurate portrayal of a group of subjects with specific characteristic.

VARIABLES UNDER THE STUDY:

Independent variables:

In this study the independent variable is mid day meal.

Dependent variables:

It is the action of the independent variable cannot exist by itself. In this study dependent variable is students’ attendance, student’s enrollment and span of control.

SETTING OF THE STUDY:

The selection of this setting is done for the present study basis of-Feasibility, Accessibility, Geographical proximity, Economy in terms of time, Co-operation and availability of sample, Transport facilities

POPULATION OF THE STUDY:

TARGET POPULATION

In this study target population includes the primary school students.

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION:

In the present study, accessible population includes the primary school students of the govt. school under Bhubaneswar Municipality, Bhubaneswar.

SAMPLE OF THE STUDY:

SAMPLEING TECHNIQUE:

A non- probability sampling technique, namely convenience sampling to be used to move the study more practicable and feasible. In which sample is chosen in purposive sampling method. The study sample were mid day meal in-charge of each school and primary school students of each primary school of Bhubaneswar, Odisha.

Sample:

In this study the sample consist of mid day meal in-charge and the students of the primary school of Bhubaneswar.

Sample sizes:

The sample size comprised of approximately 10% students of each primary school and 25 teacher or mid day meal in-charge of the primary school.

Criteria for selection of sample:

Inclusion criteria:

· Mid day meal in-charge or other teacher of the school.

· Students of the school.

· Students and teachers who are willing to participate.

· Those who were present at the time of study.

Exclusive criteria:

· Students and Mid day meal in-charge who were not willing to participate in the study.

DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES:

· Interview schedule method was develops based on review of books, journal, articles and project report.

· Data collection method used was checklist

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

INTERVIEW SCHEDULE QUESTIONARES WAS PREPARED IN THREE SECTIONS:

SECTION: A

Deal with the supply of food, storage of dry food, manpower for mid day meal programme , preparation of food, MDM distribution, habit of taking food ,water supply, post lunch food practice, monitoring of MDM programme, level of satisfaction.

SECTION:B:

Deal with interview schedule questioner’s related to observation of food.

Appearance ,taste, smell and texture of the food.

SECTION D:

This section deal with the socio-demographic variables of students.

SECTION C:

This section deal with the attendance of the school, eating practice of MDM in the school, frequency of eating MDM in the school, participate in menu planning.

SCORING: Scoring for every section :

Correct answer- 1 Wrong answer- 0

For section -A

Maximum possible score for section A- 46

Minimum possible score for section A- 0

For section -B

Maximum possible score for section B- 12

Minimum possible score for section B- 4

For section -D

Maximum possible score for section C- 13

Minimum possible score for section C- 0

CRITERIAN MEASURE:

Criteria measures used in this study were as follows-

Knowledge items out of 70 question, 63 questions are assess the effectiveness of mid day meal programme. For section A and D each correct answer is given as 1 score and wrong answer is given as 0. For section B The maximum score was 12 and minimum score was 4. Score was categorized in 2 levels-

Score: >75 %is positively successful

Score: <75 %is negatively successful

CONTENT VALIDITY OF TOOLS:

Validity refers to degree to which an instrument. Validity for the tool was assessed by obtaining opinion from 6 experts in these topics which includes 2 nurse educators, 2 community medicine specialist, 1 statistician, and 1 Oriya teacher. The expert suggested to simplifying the language, to recognize some items, to includes multiple right answers.

PILOT STUDY:

Pilot study is conducted to identify the reliability of tools and feasibility of the study. Pilot study was conducted for 5 days .The study was conducted among 1/3 of samples to measures the authencity of the tool and assured confidentiality and strength and weakness of the tool was identified. No significant problem was faced during pilot study.

DATA COLLECTION:

Data collection was carried out from 3/8/2013 to 30/8/2013

Formal written permission was taken from principal, SUM Nursing College and from the headmasters of all the sample school , Bhubaneswar. Purposive sampling of 100 subject was done.

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

The investigators will use descriptive statically techniques such as standard deviation, arithmetic mean and co-relation. The analyzed data will be presented in the forms of tables, diagrams and graphs.

Organization of data master sheet.

Section A ,B , C and D would be analyzed using descriptive statistics i.e frequency and percentage.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATION:

For the research study, the research problem was approved by the research committee. Prior permission was obtained from our principal of SUM Nursing College, Khandagiri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Individual participant had the right to walk away from the study with-out assigning any reason to the investigator.

The anonymity of the participants was ensured and confidentiality of the data was maintained.

MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY:

maximum school having material supply facilities weekly (100 %),procuring the material for mid day meal from the near by shops (100 %) , a team to check the quality of the ingredients, regular supply of ration(100 %) , Good quality of ration supply (100%) , proper storage facility( 88 %) , safe places to keep raw ingredients (88 %) ,to cook providing Rs. 1000 as a remuneration(100 % ),separate cooking sheds in the school (88 %), taking time between food preparation and food serving ( 80% ), mid-day meal is served in school verandas( 76%).school enrollment has increased after implementation of MDM (72 %) .school attendance has increased in (100 %) .maximm school teachers think that the span of attention of has increased after implementation of MDM( 52 %).Maximum of school maintain records regarding MDM in their school (100%).10 schools obtained a score of 96 out of 120, thus having a mean score of Taste2.2(73.33%) and smell 2.3(76.66%) were little below the score obtained for the appearance2.5 (83.33%) and texture 2.6(86.66%).After analysis of data it is found that only 10% sample score less than 75% of total score and 90 % of total population score more than 75%. This result indicates that students are satisfied with mid-day meal programme. .and the Mean score of students satisfaction is 7.82, Standard deviation is 1.1 . 88 % teachers are satisfied with the mid day meal program and another 12 % teachers feel burden as the manpower of teaching committee is very less. The mean score of Teachers satisfaction level regarding mi-day meal programme is 39.32 and standard deviation 1.74. The chi-square values of selected socio-demographic variables of sex of the student (x²= 4.71, df=1 at p<0.5), religion of the student (x²= 0.31, df=1 at p<0.5),caste of the student (x²= 0.41, df=1 at p<0.5),family size of the student (x²= 0.82, df=1 at p<0.5),literacy level of parents (x²= 1.21, df=1 at p<0.5), family income status (x²= 1.04, df=1 at p<0.5), occupation of the parents (x²=1.85, df=1 at p<0.5).

CONCLUSIOIN:

On the basis of the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn-Infrastructure level is perfect in all the discipline but following area need to improve–school need the funding for built up proper storage facilities, school have place to keep raw ingredients in a safe place, school need to have separate cooking place they cook food, school need wide varanda for serving food etc. many school teachers feel that mid day meal programme is burden for them as the very few teaching member is present in the school. Day by day students enrollment is not increased in school due to grown up of private, English medium school. At last it was concluded that the socio demographic variables i.e sex is not significantly associated with student satisfaction and other i.e age, caste, occupation of parents, family size, parents literacy level, family income etc is significantly associated with students satisfaction level towards midday meal.

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NEWS PAPER ARTICLES:

· Mid-day meal Tragadie: Gujarat sitting on time bomb? TOI 03 Sep 2013, 03:09 IST

· Bihar deaths alter MDM menu TOI 28 Aug 2013, 00:55 IST

· House panel concerned over “Untouchability” cases in MDM scheme TOI 23 Aug 2013, 01:28 IST

· 'Lack of monitoring, corruption plague mid-day meal scheme' the economic time Jul 28, 2013, 03.27PM IST

· Goa govt to overhaul mid-day meal scheme July 20, 2013 | PTI

· Mid-day meal scheme to be reformed: Prime Minister August 15, 2013 | PTI

· NCP seeks suspension of mid-day meal scheme in Goa July 20, 2013 | PTI

· Goa may suspend mid day meal scheme for review, July 22, 2013 | PTI

· Nutritious banana candy likely to make way in Gujarat mid-day meal, August 5, 2013 | PTI

· Karnataka extends mid-day meal scheme to entire state, May 24, 2003 | TNN

· Goa schools and parents can opt out of mid-day meal scheme, July 29, 2013 | PTI

· Maharashtra seeks Rs 185 cr to implement mid-day meal scheme September 8, 2002 | PTI

· Cap on subsidised LPG cylinders will affect mid-day meal scheme: Mamata Banerjee October 4, 2012 | PTI

· Bihar school deaths: Why the government makes a meal out of the mid-day meal scheme July 20, 2013

· HRD ministry stresses on monitoring aspects in the mid-day meal scheme August 3, 2013 | Urmi Goswami, ET Bureau

· Midday meal deaths: BJP expresses concern, suggests new scheme July 27, 2013 | PTI

· Ten lakh students deprived of mid-day meals in Bihar July 26, 2013 | PTI

INTERNET WEBSITES:

· http://mdm.nic.in/

· http://mdm.nic.in/Files/PAB/PAB-2011-12/AWP-Write%20up/Assam.pdf

· www.righttofoodindia.org

· http://karmayog.org/ education/education-3145

Received on 12.10.2013 Modified on 20.10.2013

Int. J. Adv. Nur. Management 1(1): Oct.- Dec., 2013; Page 03-07